Background & Aims of the Study: In spite remarkable progress in the anti-microbial treatment in the last 60 years and despite all the care in the health system, infectious diseases especially Burn wound infection is a major problem and one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality for Burn patients. Certainly, the identification, review and updating of bacterial infections and their antibiotic resistances have an important role in the control, prevention, and correct treatment of Burn patients. This study aimed to determine Burn wounds and antibiotic resistance in patients hospitalized at the Nekoei Burn Center, Qom, Iran. Material & Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on patients referred to a Burn Center in Qom, Iran, for a three-year period (from May 2012 to November 2014). After sampling, the identification of the isolates was done by conventional biochemical tests. Disk diffusion method was performed for testing antibiotic resistance according to CLSI guideline. Results: Among a total of 793 patients, 45 patients (19. 82%) were positive culture. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most dominant microorganism in patients (66%), followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci (16%) and Staphylococcus aureus (12%). In the evaluation of antibiotic resistance, Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed the most resistant to ciprofloxacin (93. 3%) and ceftriaxone (86. 6%). Among the used antibiotics, meropenem and cephalexin had a better effect than other antibiotics. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most isolated common microorganism of Burn wounds at our hospital and it seems that treatment of common antibiotics in this center has not enough effectiveness. Thus, it is essential to use effective antibiotics correctly and to prevent the extension of resistant bacteria.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen causing severe, acute and chronic nosocomial infections in immunocompromised, catheterized or Burn patients. Various types of virulent factors have been identified in P.aeruginosa, suggesting their contribution to the pathogenesis of the disease. The organism is generally resistant to numerous antimicrobial agents due to natural resistance in particular impermeability or mutations and acquisition of resistant determinants. Plasmid and integron have a crucial role in acquisition of mobile elements. Most treatment failures are related to inappropriate initial antibiotic therapy with insufficient coverage of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens, the rationale for using combinations of antibiotics to cover MDR gram-negatives.However, clinical data supporting this strategy are limited. In fact, systematic combination therapy may have contributed to the overuse of antibiotics and to the emergence of MDR microorganisms. Nevertheless, combination therapy is the best strategy to treat severe infections due to suspected MDR Pseudomonas. Optimally, therapeutic strategies should be sufficiently broad to cover relevant pathogens while minimizing the risk for emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Polymyxin E (colistin) and carbapenems are the most effective antibiotics against MDR isolates.

Introduction & Objective: The major challenge for a Burn team is infection, which is known to cause over 50% of Burn deaths. Burns become infected, because the environment at the site of the wound is ideal for the proliferation of infecting organisms. This study analyzes the distribution of bacterial infection of Burn wounds through the tissue culture in patients hospitalized at the Burn center of Bessat hospital of Hamadan it also studied the antibiotics resistance patterns of isolated bacteria.Materials & Methods: During a six months period, 82 patients were included in this study. Wound biopsy samples were collected days after admission to Burn ward in Bessat hospital. Isolation and identification of microorganisms was done using the standard procedure. Disk diffusion test was performed for antimicrobial susceptibility.Results: The mean age of the patients was 20 years (in the range, 1-63 years). The overall ratio of infections was 93.3%. There were fewer male patients (46.5%) than female patients. The microorganisms causing infections were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (72.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (14.4%), and Staphylococcus epidermis (7.8%). Among this pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be over 90 per cent resistant to amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, Cefteriaxone, Cefotaxim, Ticracillin and Cefepime.Conclusions: High prevalence of nosocomial infection in patients hospitalized at the Burn center of Bessat hospital of Hamadan and the detection of high levels of antibiotics resistance patterns of isolated bacteria suggest continuous surveillance of Burn infections and the developing of strategies for antimicrobial resistance control and the treatment of infectious complications. A nosocomial infection surveillance system may be introduced to reduce the rate of nosocomial infections among Burn patients, and for better therapeutic options.

Background and Objectives: Currently, there are no well-defined guidelines or criteria for catheter-site care in Burn patients, and there is little information about the epidemiology of central vein catheter (CVC) infection in such patients. This study aimed at addressing the epidemiological aspect of CVC infection in a sample of Iranian Burn patients admitted to the largest referral Burn center in Iran, Motahari Burn Center. Materials and Methods: A total of 191 Burn patients were eligible for the study. Catheter related blood stream infection (CRBSI) was diagnosed according to suspected line infection, sepsis or blood culture growing bacteria, which could not have been associated with another site. Results: Of the 191 patients in this study, 45 males (23. 68%) and 19 females (10%) had positive blood culture, confirming CV line infection. Patients who were Burned by gas, gasoline ignition or Burning Kerosene had the highest incidence of CV line infection. In contrast, patients Burned by alcohol, pitch or thinner had the lower rate of CV line infection. Incidence of CV line infection was higher in patients with delay in presentation to the Burn center (55. 2%) when compared to those who presented without delay (22. 8%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequent colonizer of the wound culture (52. 4%), the dominant strain of the first catheter tip culture (35%) and the dominant strain of the same day blood samples (53. 8%). The mortality rate in patients diagnosed with CRBI was 21. 9%. Conclusion: One of the important factors related to CV line infection is delay inpresentation to the Burn center. The rate of CV line infection was 20. 64 in catheter days.